Wilkerson Case Solutions Essay Example

Wilkerson Case Solutions Paper I _ Describe in words how costs are assigned in the Willpowers current costing system. Discuss the pros and cons of this system. Wilkinson uses a simple traditional cost accounting system in which each unit of product is charged for direct material, direct labor and overhead COStS_ Material cost is based on the prices paid for component under annual purchasing agreements. Labor cost is charged to products based on the standard run times for each product. Labor rates, including fringe benefits, were $25 per hour. The overhead costs are allocated to products as a percentage f production-run direct labor cost. Currently, the overhead rate is 300% of production-run direct labor cost. The current cost accounting system is consistent with traditional costing system required for external financial reporting. Traditional costing is attractive to financial reporting because it better matches costs with revenues, All manufacturing costs are assigned to products in order to property match the costs of producing units of product with their revenues when they are sold. Financial reporting standards explicitly require companies to use traditional costing for external reporting purposes. However, traditional cost accounting methods suffer from several defects that can result in distorted costs for decision-making purposes. All manufacturing costs, even those that are not caused by any specific product, are allocated to products. Manufacturing costs that are caused by products are not assigned to products. Additionally, traditional methods tend to place too much reliance on unit-level allocation bases such as direct labor and machine-hours. This results in overcastting high-volume products and undercoating low-volume products and an lead to mistakes when making decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Wilkerson Case Solutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wilkerson Case Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wilkerson Case Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Compute Activity-Based Costing product costs using 1) actual cost driver rates, and 2) capacity-based cost driver rates. Which of these approaches is appropriate for Wilkinson and why? From the results of Activity Based Costing and Capacity based costing methods, we see that Wilkinson shows a lower cost based from the BBC method. It is more appropriate for Wilkinson to use the BBC method since it shows a more realistic per unit cost based on different level of activities. This may allow them to find says to be more competitive on product pricing in the market. . What managerial actions are indicated by the activity based costing system? Prom the activity based costing system the management will be able to see the products cost structure and be able identify activities that would benefit from process improvements. When used in this way, activity-based costing is referred to as activity-based management. Management can focus on which activities to eliminate waste, decrease processing time, and/or reduce defects. The first Step in any improvement program is for the management to decide hat to improve. The products cost computed in activity-based costing can provide valuable clues concerning where there is waste and opportunity for improvement. For example, looking at the Pumps and Flow Controller, managers at Wilkinson may conclude that the company spends far more on receiving and production control, and packaging and shipping activities that adds no value to the products. As a consequence, they may target their process improvement efforts toward these areas. Improvements on these areas could enable the company to gain competitive edge on pricing these products. Describe the additional accounting effort that Wilkinson would need to do to on a regular monthly basis in order to obtain the information shown in Exhibit 4 Estimate the cost to this additional accounting. To continue to obtain the information shown in Exhibit 4 on a regular monthly basis would require much more effort from the Wilkinson accounting team. Similar to what was already done, Wilkinson will need to run a small task force on a monthly basis so that data concerning numerous activity measures are collected, checked, and entered into the system. This Avail be necessary to appropriately allocate various overhead costs to individual products instead of traditionally treating overhead as a period cost. Although the activity based costing method can provide more accurate information about individual product or services, the organization should expect to hue increased costs due to additional research efforts to collect and appropriately allocate overhead costs. We estimate that the additional effort associated With activity based costing system can increase accounting cost by approximately 25%.

How to Spell Pendulum

How to Spell Pendulum How to Spell Pendulum How to Spell Pendulum By Maeve Maddox A Facebook comment alerted me to a misspelling of the word pendulum that I’d never seen before. Once I began looking, I found thousands of examples. I wasn’t too surprised to find the word misspelled in social media, but it did seem strange to see pendulum spelled â€Å"pentulum† on sites selling clocks. Here are a few examples of this misspelling of pendulum: The pentulum swings. Public opinion will out in the end. (Facebook) In some countries, [the] political pentulum can swing wildly between opposite extremes. (political blog) I plan to start researching ideas to re-enter [the market] when the pentulum swings back to oversold. (stockmarket site) The one-day weight-driven movement has brass and steel gears that swing the pentulum. (clock merchant’s site) Pendulum is from the Latin adjective pendulus, â€Å"hanging down.† Literally, a pendulum is a weighted rod, cord, or wire suspended from a fixed point. The word is most closely associated with the pendulum that regulates the movement of a clock. Figuratively, a pendulum is anything that swings back and forth from one extreme to another. For example, one may speak of â€Å"the pendulum of public opinion† or â€Å"the pendulum of fashion.† English has several â€Å"pend words† that derive from the idea of hanging down or hanging from. See Hanging Words. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and NumeralsTime Words: Era, Epoch, and EonA Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases

Macro-3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Macro-3 - Essay Example because aside from transportation costs, and other costs that are related to international trade which are included in the price of goods when they enter another market is not present when it is bought where it is produced. Second, the prices in the United States are affected by stiff competition, which is influenced by information about book prices on the internet, which causes book prices to drop. While I cannot assume that this is not happening in the Philippines, the fact that the United States is one of the countries that utilizes the internet heavily as for the information regarding prices, in order to regulate competition can be one of my solid bases. Thus, generally, I could expect that book prices in other countries such as the Philippines would be higher. This case proves to be inconsistent with the purchasing-power parity. While the theory assumes that the purchasing power parity can equalize the prices over the long-run, during the years because of market influences such as competition in one country which lowers down the price, or economic influences such as trade costs in another country which increases the price can cause divergence in prices. This purchase situation therefore, is inconsistent with the purchasing power parity if gauged for many years before prices generally equalize. 2. What is the importance of trade agreements and how is international trade related to the standard of living of the United States (as opposed to that of a small industrial nation or to a developing nation)? What significance do trade agreements have to your own company? Trade agreements are important in such a way that dealing with other countries regarding trade has significant economic impacts to a firm conducting the agreement. Different countries have different restrictions and economic policies as regards trade, which can impact the firm’s operations in that country. Trade agreements are made depending on the restriction of the country and the chosen mode of

Ethics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics - Coursework Example Introduction & Background Nursing is a highly critical profession and involves significant ethical implications. These healthcare issues are very complex and require concrete awareness and analytical skills to overcome them effectively. The vitality comes from the fact that the ultimate customer in this profession is a patient whose survival and life depends on quality of healthcare services. Therefore, slight miscalculation and breach of ethical duties might result in deterioration of health and, in extreme cases, death. Practicing nurses must be well trained and knowledgeable in order to perform their obligations efficiently and need to be constantly supervised and mentored to prevent errors and non-compliance. Issues and proposed solutions There are various ethical issues involved in healthcare industry and nursing practice. Caretaking of patients, coming from diversified backgrounds, requires careful consideration of moral implications. Nurses must be fair and unbiased in their d uties, giving equal service to all patients regardless of their financial status, gender or ethnicity. Limited resources must be allocated with professional judgment to each patient according to genuine needs without any personal prejudice. These patients are often not of sound mind or appropriate age during treatment and therefore nurses must protect their rights in decisions they take. If a patient is capable, nurses must provide them complete autonomy to select options for treatment and must respect their choices. Moreover, to support their decisions, nurses must provide them complete information with integrity. This is a major obstacle since revealing about some adverse diagnosis results can be upsetting for nurses and might trigger hostile reactions. During treatment, it is important that healthcare professionals cover the patient’s body properly and avoid unnecessary talks regarding some physical irregularities to avoid discomfort. Additionally, they must respect privac y of medical information pertaining to patients and keep it confidential unless essential to be disclosed for professional opinions. They should take utmost care that they do not discuss any cases of patients outside clinical premises or during informal chats with friends, family, colleagues and other patients (Fry & Johnstone, 2002). Leadership needed to promote change Professional nurses and healthcare professionals must act as catalysts that trigger change and ensure smooth implementation of transition phase. In order to establish a strong ethical framework, they must promote teamwork and engage others in devising ethical policies. Efforts of all professionals must be collaborated and directed towards achievement of ethical compliance. Teams must be formed consisting of staff from different cultures and multiple disciplines in order to support diversified portfolio of patients. A learning environment must be created and strategic objectives and codes of ethics must be made common ly known. All subordinates must be mentored and provided counseling services in stressful situations and interpersonal conflicts. Clinical atmosphere must be instituted which encourages innovation and flexibility and stifles possibilities of errors and disputes. Regular performance appraisals shall be conducted

Basketball Gender Discrimination

Basketball Gender Discrimination Many studies from past centuries in countless different fields of research have shown that there are rampant increases of gender inequality in many fields. In the field of sports, this not something unheard of, but it has been a common trend in the past games and sports events. Several sociologists have been reported to claim that sport inequality has taken several dimensions such as gender, wealth and social class categories. These are said to have been brought about by cultural and economics differences which are the key players to discrimination in all sort of classification. (Wolff, 1994) Although many people despite sport and games, there is a major role played by both in bridging and alleviate the norm of community cultures that brings social discrimination leading to inequality. While focusing on my favorite hobby basketball, I am first and foremost thrilled to give brief details of its history. Basketball is a sport that started at about two centuries ago. It begun in early December in the year 1891 by a famous man named James Naismith. This was at a time when there was serious search for indoor games intended to keep students occupied. Furthermore, like any other sporting event, it was not only for the keeping of the student occupied but also for the maintenance of proper level of fitness during the winter season in New England. This followed after the search for proper game that was neither tough nor too poorly designed in door plays. During such early times, the event used peach baskets which were replaced in the early twentieth century by metal hoops with blac kboards. The rules which the founders of the game wrote were found in the year 2006 and were basically invented from children’s game named duck and rock. (Wolff, 1994) Basketball game was first played by a group of young men in the young Christian gymnasium in the year 1892. This was founded in London England, which was an institutional organization that was dedicated to using Christian principles into practice to young men. The living conditions for these young men were not safe and were often neglected, thus the beginning of the game was a hallmark of bring change in the sociological arena, as this was a way substituting there life on the streets for prayer and bible study and drawing them into a new social kind of life. However, the first encounter of the composition of the sport participants is of great concern in terms of inequality. Despite the noble ideas of George William for starting such an organization which were quite unusual, and which crossed the inflexible lines that separated all the different social classes of all those lived in the England boundary; the whole community was entirely male dominated. Perhaps, this was as a result of the first intentions for creation of male institution and not an institution for both genders. Thus, the young men’s Christian association was initially composed mostly by males, showing an enormous skewed trend in the men’s side in the institutional composition. Following the interest of some of the enlightened women, there was a great struggle between the basketball leaders of the early period to include females this particular sport. However, this was all in vanity. The only achievement that yielded from such struggles was the abolishment of admitting the only males to the organization and soon or later the association would provide opportunities to all men, women and even children without any regard to racial, religious or nationality back grounds. (Axthelm, 1971 The inclusion of women in the organization was a major advantage to them. This paved way and gave them a chance to in the participation of this today’s world class game. They had opportunities to watch how the game was organized and they even got entertained as they watch the men play. The inclusion of females to actively take part in such a game was a real ordeal. Men were unwilling to help the women group to establish their own club. Therefore, it took a lot of time to establish a women’s team as they lack full support from the expert side of men. It took all the efforts of one of the females to come up with a women’s. This work was under taken by a renowned woman in the history of basketball by the name Senda Bereson. She set on his work to teach women basketball in the year of 1892, which is almost at one year after the men’s play had begun. In her work, she was fascinated by the new sport and the values it could teach. Thus she organized the first wom en’s basketball in the following year. In order to improve the performances of the women play, she used to watch plays performed by smith’s freshmen as they played against sophomores. She was also interested on improving the rules and regulations for the female basketball. Her work of writing new guidelines came into culmination when she published the first women’s basketball guide. This furthered the spreading of the women basketball and lead to improvement of the version of basketball for women. (Bonsor, 2006) Although, the spreading of basketball from young men’s Christian association was one of the major events that saw great removal social barriers in most countries, by enabling the spreading of the game throughout the United States and Canada. But due to some misuse of their initial ideas by some groups in the development and improvement of the game standards, within a few decades, they had to discourage the new sport terming it as rough and rowdy game. The game had turned to be involved in spreading political and economic challenges. Women had started to turn into lesbians during such games. However, their efforts to do away with it were all in vain. Amateur clubs, colleges and professional clubs could quickly fill the void and argument the spread faster than before. Pro –league were formed in the beginning of the twentieth century which included the national basketball league. This was put in place to protect all the players from exploitation and to promote a lesser rou gh game. The parties who were involved were supposed to provide security to men, boy. (Axthelm, 1971) With the effect of the spreading of the game, many institutions also embraced it. By the time it had gone for over five decades, basketball had become a major college sport. This in turn gave birth to the growth of professional basketball. Following the great concerns of different people from all parts of the worlds in the early 20s to 30s, the game had been almost in practice in all the developed and developing countries. Due to its introduction in most countries, the game has formed part in the major competitions that are taking place in the today’s world competitions. This includes Olympic Games and many more others. This as one way of providing opportunities to people to interact, it gave people from different continents, countries and ethnic groups to come together and share experiences and cultural traditions from different backgrounds. From the early researches, it is shown that head’s school played its first women’s inter-institutional game against the Un iversity of California in the year of 1892. From this period, several women clubs were started for basketball events. This lead to increased intercollegiate women’s game. However most of the coaches of that time were men drawn from the different part of the states. Thus, there was disparity in the composition of the bodies which were charged with the responsibilities of organizing, managing and controlling the sport. This perhaps was due to the fact that most men had developed much interest in the event, thus they had an ease of learning the requirements and operation of the game. At the same time most college seemed to encourage the participation of men in the play than any other group. For instances, by the start of the twentieth century, many colleges and universities in the United States began sponsoring men’s sports. These included universities such as university of Chicago, Columbia University, university of Manniseto, U.S. naval academy, university of Utah, Yale University and many more others. This accelerated the disparity in the participation of men to women basketball. Another major reason which might have contributed to this disparity is that, historical, participation of women in sports was discouraged or banned as they were viewed as people with tender masculine who could not tolerate the strenuous stretching activities which are involved in sports and games. (Axthelm, 1971): However, as civilization and education enlighment dawned to most of the people, the altitude towards the basketball sporting changed with time in an amazing manner. In the developed countries where civilization and technology begun, they had formed several folds of women’s basketball committees in the year 1910. These were geared towards the mitigation of girls’ child performances in sports. National and international women’s basketball executive committees were also raised. These could organize women’s basketball competitions in different colleges and universities. In addition, they were in charge of state tournaments and nationals women’s basketball championships hence being mandated with the same powers as men. On the same empowerment, men and women were given the same equality, and this resulted into the application of men rules in the play game. The women’s competitions of 1940s were conducted using the men’s rule hence it is said that women played against men in several championships. (Wolff, 1991) In the recent reports from different broadcasting and news papers, journals and internet sources, it has been reviewed that there is enough supporting bodies for the both men a basketball. These bodies ensures that there enough money to spent on equipments, training, travel and uniforms for males. They are mostly focusing on both the child boy child in schools, so there is more disparity which is being experienced in the present and the near future. To a larger extend, they are committed to ensuring that even cheering opportunities are areas of discrimination. By mixing the cheering squads for both men and women, they can try to alleviate the general phenomenon of favourism. Once the authorities are on their hand, they have recently fired and made reshuffling of coaches in various men and women basketball teams. There are increases in percentages in the admissions of recruits for women to curb the problem of disparity which was created by the old practices and culture by our forefath ers. (Bonsor, 2006) References: Axthelm, P. (1971): The City Game. Wolff, A. (1991):100 Years of Hoops. Wolff, A. (1994): The Official NBA Basketball Encyclopedia .2nd Ed. Bonsor, K. (2006): Newly found documents shed light on basketballs birth. ESPN.com. Associated Press -Retrieved on 2008-03-7.

Essay on Black Readers of Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

The Enraged Black Readers of Their Eyes Were Watching God         Although Hurston's novel Their Eyes Were Watching God is a widely read novel today, that wasn't always the case. When her novel was first published, many black readers were enraged. It wasn't until the early seventies when Hurston's novel was rediscovered. What aspects of the novel enraged the readers so that it would be forgotten for more than thirty years?    One of the most important aspects of the novel that enraged the black readers was Hurston's portrayal of the white people. Readers complained that Hurston wasn't harsh enough in her critique of the white people's treatment towards the black people. Rather than portraying whites as the stereotypical "Simon Legree" of Uncle Tom's Cabin-the ideal poor, racist "white trash"-most whites that take part in the novel are contrarily very helpful towards the blacks and show great compassion towards them as well. For example, when Janie begins her story we meet the Washburns. These are the white folks for whom Nanny worked for and they are very helpful towards both Nanny and Janie by treating them as if they are part of the family. Contrary to a lot of whites at the time who treated blacks as if they were still slaves, the Washburns treat both Nanny and Janie as human beings rather than slaves, showing great respect and love. In a way they are portrayed as "angels" who truly believe in human eq uality and don't have one bit of prejudice in them. "Mah grandma raised me. Mah grandma and de white folks she worked wid...They was quality white folks up dere in West Florida. Named Washburn. She had four gran'chillun on de place and all of us played together..." (8).    Furthermore, by reading Hurston's novel, one can clearly see that all blacks place the whites on a pedestal of knowledge. According to the blacks of the novel, whites know everything and are always right; they are superior and since blacks are supposed to be ignorant and stupid, they should believe and do everything the whites say. For example, Mrs. Turner states that she trusts only white doctors because black doctors aren't as educated and skilled as the white doctors. "Don't bring me no nigger doctor tuh hang over mah sick-bed...White doctors always gits mah money" (135-136). Another example is when the Indians are evacuating the muck because they foresee a big hurricane coming and the blacks don't evacuate stating that since the whites aren't evacuating there's no reason to.

Naval Officer Essay

It was said by John F. Kennedy that â€Å"Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other. † Indispensable factors are those known to be undeniably necessary, essential, or obligatory to one another. This unique relationship between leadership and learning is particularly relevant to my motivation. The ambition I have to become a Naval Officer stems from my drive to lead; but I dare not lead without continuing to pursue my hunger to learn. I desire to guide, to have responsibility, and more importantly, to be an example. Bringing out the best in those I am directing and becoming someone that people can truly look up to; that is my primary intention. The military has gradually been becoming a tradition in my family. Honor, Courage, and Commitment are all aspects of a leader with which I grew up and that are now, my core being. I’m destined to become apart of these extraordinary people. The ones who can be distinguished by the pride with which they hold themselves and the confidence with which they speak. The ones who fly jets, command battleships, and dive submarines; most people can only imagine such careers. They are willing not only to sacrifice their life for their country, but also to lead men and women who are willing to do the same. They have to make quick decisions that test who they are and will vastly impact the lives of those under their command. This is the type of person I want to be. But like John Dana had stated, â€Å"Who dares to lead must never cease to learn. It is unquestionably impossible to lead successfully without having learned to do so first. My modo is to learn the rules of the game and then to play better than anyone else. I love pushing myself mentally to be the very best I can be. If not in school, in the world; figuring out solutions to different problems and learning from the experiences and people in my life. I am an extremely resourceful person taking every opportunity I get to expand intellectually. It was embedded in me that knowledge is progress; it sparks action. And with action we can convert adversity into prosperity. I am determined to put my knowledge to use for the advancement of our country. I understand that becoming a Naval Officer is going to be far from easy; so I am prepared to go through severe physical and mental training before I receive my commissions. I‘ve always been motivated by challenge. I look forward to the navy pushing me to be an asset to success; doing things that I never thought possible.